Determine Whether the Following Symbolized Argument Is Valid or Invalid

question 60

Short Answer

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
P → Q
Q → R
R → S
(P → S) → (Q → ~P)
~P/∴ ~Q

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Definitions:

Milgram Experiment

A psychological experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram in the 1960s to study obedience to authority, where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person.

Stanford University Prison Experiment

A psychological study conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1971 at Stanford University, where students were assigned roles of prisoners and guards to explore the effects of perceived power.

Generalization

Drawing a conclusion about a certain characteristic of a population based on a sample from it.

Logical Support

The provision of reasons or evidence to justify a claim or argument.