Under What Circumstances Can You Replace $\sigma$ With S in the Formula

question 28

Essay

Under what circumstances can you replace $\sigma$ with s in the formula $E = z _ { a / 2 } \cdot \frac { \sigma } { \sqrt { n } } ?$

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Definitions:

Social Network Trust

involves the level of trust established within networks of individuals, particularly in digital or social networking contexts.

Group Identity

The feeling of belonging to a particular group and identifying with its members, values, and norms, which can significantly influence personal behavior and perceptions.

Status Competition

it denotes a situation where individuals or groups compete against each other to gain recognition, importance, or social standing within a given context.

Emotional Distances

The level of emotional separation or disconnection between individuals or within groups, affecting communication and understanding.