For This Question, Use the California Testscore Data Set and Your

question 13

Essay

For this question, use the California Testscore Data Set and your regression package (a spreadsheet program if necessary). First perform a multiple regression of testscores on a constant, the student-teacher ratio, and the percent of English learners. Record the coefficients. Next, do the following three step procedure instead: first, regress the testscore on a constant and the percent of English learners. Calculate the residuals and store them under the name res YX2 . Second, regress the student-teacher ratio on a constant and the percent of English learners. Calculate the residuals from this regression and store these under the name resXIX2. Finally regress resYX2 on resXIX2 (and a constant, if you wish). Explain intuitively why the simple regression coefficient in the last regression is identical to the regression coefficient on the student-teacher ratio in the multiple regression.

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Definitions:

Iterative Agency

The concept that individuals have the capacity to repeatedly reassess, adjust, and act upon their environments or situations in a way that may alter their conditions and the conditions of others over time.

Projective Agency

The capacity of individuals or groups to envision and pursue future possibilities through their actions, often reflecting broader societal and cultural influences.

Field Agency

Field Agency involves the ability and authority of agents (individuals or entities) to act and make decisions within a specific field or domain.

Racial Inequality

The unequal treatment or opportunities afforded to people based on race or ethnicity.