In the Initial Test of the Salk Vaccine for Polio

question 56

Essay

In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with aplacebo. Of those vaccinated with the Salk vaccine, 33 later developed polio. Of those receiving the placebo, 115later developed polio. Test the hypothesis that the Salk vaccine is effective in lowering the polio rate. Useα = 0.01.

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Definitions:

Expectancy

A person's belief about the likelihood of achieving success in a specific situation, often influencing motivation and behavior.

Instrumentality

The belief or expectation that performing a certain behavior will lead to a particular outcome or reward.

Psychological Needs

Fundamental emotional or cognitive requirements for well-being and effective functioning, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Autonomous Motivation

The drive to perform an activity for its inherent satisfaction or enjoyment, rather than external pressures or rewards.