A Type of Sampling (Independent or Paired), Sample Size(s), and a Figure

question 52

Multiple Choice

A type of sampling (independent or paired) , sample size(s) , and a figure showing the results of preliminary data analyseson the sample(s) are provided. The intent is to employ the sample data to perform a hypothesis test to compare the meansof the two populations from which the data were obtained. Use the information provided to decide which procedureshould be applied.
-Paired; n = 12. A normal probability plot for the paired differences is given below.

• A)Paired t-test
• B)Pooled t-test
• C)Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test
• D)Nonpooled t-test

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A type of operant conditioning that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior.

Conditional Punishment

Rendering a consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future by associating it with an aversive outcome.

Primary Reinforcement

A naturally reinforcing stimulus, such as food or water, which fulfills a biological need.

Secondary Reinforcement

A process in behaviorism where a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer, often taking the form of social approval, tokens, or money.