Before You Took This Course, You Probably Heard Many Stories

question 85

Essay

Before you took this course, you probably heard many stories about Statistics courses. Oftentimes parents of students have
had bad experiences with Statistics courses and pass on their anxieties to their children. To test whether actually taking
Statistics decreases students' anxieties about Statistics, a Statistics instructor gave a test to rate student anxiety at the
beginning and end of his course. Anxiety levels were measured on a scale of 0-10. Here are the data for 16 randomly chosen
students from a class of 180 students: $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Pre-course anxiety level } & 7 & 6 & 9 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 4 & 2 \\\hline \text { Post-course anxiety level } & 4 & 3 & 7 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 6 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 4 & 3 \\\hline \text { Difference (Post - Pre) } & - 3 & - 3 & - 2 & - 2 & - 2 & - 2 & - 1 & - 1 & - 1 & - 1 & - 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline\end{array}$$
-Do the data indicate that anxiety levels about Statistics decreases after students take
Statistics? Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion.

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Definitions:

Debt Financing

Debt Financing involves raising capital by borrowing funds from individuals, banks, or other financial institutions that will be repaid over time with interest.

Equity Financing

Funds invested in new ventures in exchange for part ownership.

Repay Borrowed

The act of returning money that was borrowed from a person or institution.

Equity Financing

A method of raising capital through the sale of shares in a company, thereby giving investors ownership interests.