If We Sample from a Small Finite Population Without Replacement $$P ( x ) = \frac { A ! } { ( A - x ) ! x ! } \cdot \frac { B ! } { ( B - n + x ) ! ( n - x ) ! } \div \frac { ( A + B ) ! } { ( A + B - n ) ! n ! }$$

question 121

Multiple Choice

If we sample from a small finite population without replacement, the binomial distribution should not be used because the events are not independent. If sampling is done without replacement and the outcomes belong to one of two types, we can use hypergeometric distribution. If a population has A objects of one type, while the remaining B objects are of the other type, and if n objects are sampled without replacement, then the probability of getting x objects of type A and n - x objects of type B is $$P ( x ) = \frac { A ! } { ( A - x ) ! x ! } \cdot \frac { B ! } { ( B - n + x ) ! ( n - x ) ! } \div \frac { ( A + B ) ! } { ( A + B - n ) ! n ! }$$ In a relatively easy lottery, a bettor selects 4 numbers from 1 to 14 (without repetition) , and a winning 4-number combination is later randomly selected. What is the probability of getting all 4 winning numbers?

• A)0
• B)0.002
• C)0.001
• D)0.003

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Definitions:

Effervesces

The reaction of a substance with acid resulting in the release of gas bubbles, often observed in carbonate minerals.

Dilute HCl

A weakened solution of hydrochloric acid in water, commonly used in chemistry for various reactions and tests.

Cleavage

The tendency of minerals to break along flat, defined planes as a result of their crystal structure.

Diagnostic Characteristic

A diagnostic characteristic is a defining feature or attribute that helps in the identification or analysis of conditions, diseases, or materials.