[Objective: Test a Hypothesis for a Population Proportion] Suppose a City

question 35

Multiple Choice

[Objective: Test a hypothesis for a population proportion] Suppose a city official conducts a hypothesis test to test the claim that the majority of voters support a proposed tax to build sidewalks. Assume that all the conditions for proceeding with a one-sample test on proportions have been met. The calculated test statistic is approximately 1.40 with an associated p-value of approximately 0.081. Choose the conclusion that provides the best interpretation for the p-value at a significance level of

• A) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.40 is 0.081. This result is surprising and could not easily happen by chance.
• B) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic as large or larger than 1.40 is 0.081. This result is not surprising and could easily happen by chance.
• C) The p-value should be considered extreme; therefore the hypothesis test proves that the null hypothesis is true.
• D) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.40 is 0.081. The result should be doubled for a two-sided test. This result is not surprising and easily happen by chance.

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Definitions:

Hyoglossus

A muscle in the tongue that depresses and retracts the tongue, aiding in the processes of swallowing and speech.

Triangular Muscles

Muscles that have a triangular shape, often involved in a wide range of movements and located in various parts of the body, such as the deltoids.

Bipennate

A type of muscle fiber arrangement where fascicles are attached obliquely from either side of a central tendon, resembling a feather.

Convergent

Pertaining to structures or processes that come together or blend, often used in the context of evolutionary biology or plate tectonics.