Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)reviewed More Than 150 Studies

question 111

Multiple Choice

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993) reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to the authors of your text?

• A) Men typically occupy positions of higher status than women.
• B) Women's tasks are typically more complex than typical male tasks.
• C) Women are higher than men in relational interdependence.
• D) Men have more power than women and can therefore induce women to do more work.
• E) Women tend to feel more self-conscious in group.

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Definitions:

Self-concepts

Refers to individuals' awareness and understanding of themselves, including beliefs about their own abilities, attributes, and the attitudes towards themselves.

Childhood Fears

Emotions experienced by children that involve an anxious response to perceived or actual threats, varying widely in nature and intensity, often influenced by developmental stage.

Gender Typing

The process by which a child becomes aware of their gender and thus behaves accordingly by adopting values and attributes of members of the sex that they identify as their own.

Parental Restriction Techniques

Methods used by parents to set limits or establish rules to guide their children's behavior.