Examlex
Determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. Include a truth table and a few words explaining why the truth table shows validity or invalidity.
If Hugo is a physics major or if Hugo is a math major, then he needs to take calculus.
Hugo needs to take calculus or Hugo is a math major.
Therefore, Hugo is a physics major or Hugo is a math major.
Grapevine
An informal communication channel within organizations where information, often unverified or speculative, spreads quickly among employees.
Rumors
Unverified information or stories spread informally, usually carrying uncertainty or ambiguity.
Richest Communication
The most effective and comprehensive form of communication, typically involving multiple channels such as verbal, nonverbal, and written methods.
Organizational Ecology
A theoretical and empirical approach in sociology that considers the environment, evolution, and life cycles of organizations.
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