The Difference in Speed and Efficiency Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up

question 70

Multiple Choice

The difference in speed and efficiency between top-down and bottom-up attentional control was assessed in an experiment conducted by Jonides and Yantis (1988) . The experiment examined how the abrupt onset of a visual stimulus captures attention. The research showed that the response time for participants who searched through an array of letters for a target letter increased with the number of letters to be searched when the target:

• A) appeared on the side where the eyes were pointed.
• B) appeared randomly and equally often on the left or right side of a display.
• C) was the abrupt-onset item, regardless of the display size.
• D) was either absent from the display, or it was not an abrupt-onset item.

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Definitions:

Nationalizing Industries

The transfer of private sector enterprises to the ownership and operation of the government with the goal of taking control over critical industries or resources.

Public Works

Infrastructure projects financed and constructed by the government for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in public spaces, including roads, bridges, and parks.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933, whose term was marked by the onset of the Great Depression.

Douglas MacArthur

An American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army who played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.