The Difference in Speed and Efficiency Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up

question 70

Multiple Choice

The difference in speed and efficiency between top-down and bottom-up attentional control was assessed in an experiment conducted by Jonides and Yantis (1988) . The experiment examined how the abrupt onset of a visual stimulus captures attention. The research showed that the response time for participants who searched through an array of letters for a target letter increased with the number of letters to be searched when the target:

• A) appeared on the side where the eyes were pointed.
• B) appeared randomly and equally often on the left or right side of a display.
• C) was the abrupt-onset item, regardless of the display size.
• D) was either absent from the display, or it was not an abrupt-onset item.

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Definitions:

Pointing

The act of extending a finger or other pointer to direct attention to a specific object, location, or direction.

Human Babies

Very young members of the species Homo sapiens, characterized by rapid physical and cognitive development during their initial years of life.

Months

Units of time in calendars that roughly correspond to the period of the lunar cycle, usually defined as a period spanning from 28 to 31 days.

Cognitive Skills

Mental abilities involved in processing information, understanding concepts, solving problems, and making decisions.