The Difference in Speed and Efficiency Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up

question 70

Multiple Choice

The difference in speed and efficiency between top-down and bottom-up attentional control was assessed in an experiment conducted by Jonides and Yantis (1988) . The experiment examined how the abrupt onset of a visual stimulus captures attention. The research showed that the response time for participants who searched through an array of letters for a target letter increased with the number of letters to be searched when the target:

• A) appeared on the side where the eyes were pointed.
• B) appeared randomly and equally often on the left or right side of a display.
• C) was the abrupt-onset item, regardless of the display size.
• D) was either absent from the display, or it was not an abrupt-onset item.

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Definitions:

Kenneth Starr

An American lawyer best known for his role as the independent counsel who led the investigation into President Bill Clinton that led to Clinton's impeachment in 1998.

Special Prosecutor

An attorney appointed to investigate, and potentially prosecute, government officials for misconduct.

Newt Gingrich

An American politician who served as the 50th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999.