An Instructor Gives a Test Before and After a Lesson

question 61

Essay

An instructor gives a test before and after a lesson and results from randomly selected students are given below.
At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the lesson has no effect on the grade. Use the sign test. $\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}\text { Before } & 54 & 61 & 56 & 41 & 38 & 57 & 42 & 71 & 88 & 42 & 36 & 23 & 22 & 46 & 51 \\\hline \text { After } & 82 & 87 & 84 & 76 & 79 & 87 & 42 & 97 & 99 & 74 & 85 & 96 & 69 & 84 & 79\end{array}$

---

Definitions:

Statistical Category

A classification based on numerical or quantitative data used for analysis and interpretation purposes.

Resocialization

The process by which one's social values and norms are restructured, often in a new, different environment.

Transformative Reawakening

A profound shift in consciousness or perception, often leading to significant changes in attitudes, values, or lifestyle.

New Identity

The process of developing or assuming a new or altered sense of self or societal role.