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A plaintiff claiming disparate impact discrimination based on sex must prove that the employer intentionally discriminated against him or her by denying a benefit or privilege of employment (such as a promotion or pay raise)based upon the individual's sex.
Opportunity Cost
The value of the next best alternative that is foregone as a result of making a particular decision.
Accounting Profits
The total revenues of a business minus the explicit costs, essentially the net income on the financial statements.
Total Revenue
The total income received by a firm from its sales of goods or services, calculated as the quantity sold multiplied by the selling price.
Barriers to Entry
Factors that prevent or hinder new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business.
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