Camerer and Hogarth (1999) Reviewed 74 Reasoning Studies and Concluded

question 22

Multiple Choice

Camerer and Hogarth (1999) reviewed 74 reasoning studies and concluded that:

• A) When steps were taken to ensure that participants fully understood the problem their performance was still inadequate
• B) Medical experts were biased by irrelevant information in diagnosis problems
• C) The tasks used in deductive reasoning experiments are unlike the problems people encounter in real life
• D) People are mostly rational, most of the time
• E) The provision of incentives rarely led to improved performance

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Definitions:

Threatening Dreams

Dreams that evoke fear or anxiety, often reflecting underlying emotional or psychological concerns.

Trauma

Trauma is an emotional response to a distressing event like an accident, disaster, or a violent attack, that can lead to long-lasting psychological effects.

Sleep Apnea

A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts, often leading to daytime tiredness and other health issues.

Navigate a Maze

The act of finding a way through complex pathways or problems, often used as a test in psychological and cognitive research.