A Patient Reports a History of Recurrent Lower Back Pain

question 1

Multiple Choice

A patient reports a history of recurrent lower back pain for 6 months. The patient describes the pain as a deep ache and stiffness that is worse upon awakening and improves after walking. Which findings will the examiner elicit to help make a clinical diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis? (Select all that apply.)

• A) Assessment of the degree of lumbar lordosis
• B) Evaluation of lateral thoracic spine flexion
• C) Measurement of chest expansion
• D) Noting the degree of cervical kyphosis
• E) Observation for scapular asymmetry

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