The Next Few Questions Refer to the Following Description

question 8

Multiple Choice

The next few questions refer to the following description.
In the ocean, on either side of the Isthmus of Panama, are 30 species of snapping shrimp; some are shallow-water species, others are adapted to deep water. There are 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side. The Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago.
In the following figure, the isthmus separates the Pacific Ocean on the left (side A) from the Atlantic Ocean on the right (side B) . The seawater on either side of the isthmus is separated into five depth habitats (1-5) , with 1 being the shallowest.

-Which habitats should harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other?

• A) A1 and A5
• B) A1 and B5
• C) B5 and B1
• D) A5 and B5
• E) Both A1/A5 and B1/B5 should have the greatest, but equal amounts of, genetic divergence.

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Definitions:

Catharsis

The release of emotional tension.

Denial

A psychological defense mechanism in which confrontation with a personal problem or with reality is avoided by denying the existence of the problem or reality.

Displacement

A defense mechanism where an individual redirects a negative emotion from its original source to a safer target.

Sigmund Freud

A seminal figure in psychology, known for founding psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.