Refer to the Figure Above

question 23

Multiple Choice

Refer to the Figure above. MAC₁ represents a mis-estimation of abatement costs. True abatement costs are MAC₂; however, the regulatory agency believes that the costs are represented at MAC₁ and sets policy accordingly. Due to this error, emissions are ________ than the socially efficient level and damages are ___________ than the socially efficient level.

• A) lower; lower
• B) lower; higher
• C) higher; lower
• D) higher; higher

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Definitions:

Effective Interest Rate

The actual interest rate when compounding is accounted for, expressed as an annual rate.

Lender

An individual, a financial institution, or an entity that provides funds to another with the expectation that the funds will be repaid, usually with interest.

Borrowers

Individuals or entities that receive funds from a lender under the condition of returning it over time, typically with interest.

Effective Rate of Interest

The real rate of interest earned or paid over a period, considering compounding.