During a Field Trip, an Instructor Touched a Moth Resting

question 69

Multiple Choice

During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. A second student responded that the behavior might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations?

• A) The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect.
• B) The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation.
• C) The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical.
• D) The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not.
• E) Both explanations are reasonable and simply represent a difference of opinion.

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Definitions:

Promissory Estoppel

A legal principle that prevents a party from retracting a promise when the other party has reasonably relied on that promise to their detriment.

Consideration

Something of value that is promised, given, or received in a contract to make it legally binding.

Moral Consideration

Ethical values or principles that influence an individual’s decisions and actions, often guiding behavior in social and professional contexts.

Unliquidated Debt

Debt for which the exact amount owed has not been determined.