According to Bottom-Up and Top-Down Control Models of Community Organization

question 50

Multiple Choice

According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population would negatively impact on its prey (P) population, but not vice versa?

• A) P ← C
• B) P → C
• C) C ↔ P
• D) P ← C → P
• E) C ← P →

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Definitions:

Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, fundamental in processes like ATP synthesis in cells.

Proton Gradient

A gradient formed by the difference in proton concentrations across a membrane, often used to generate ATP in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Mitochondrial Membrane

The membrane that encloses the mitochondrion, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds known as cristae, where energy production occurs.

Citric Acid Cycle

A key component of cellular respiration, this cycle processes acetyl-CoA to produce energy, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide.