Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections Are a Popular Cosmetic Treatment Because

question 60

Multiple Choice

Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections are a popular cosmetic treatment because they allow an individual to temporarily reduce visible wrinkles in the skin (usually around the face) . What is a probable mechanism of Botox at the neuromuscular junction?

• A) Inhibition of muscarinic receptors that cannot then bind to ACh and cause an end-plate potential, causing muscle relaxation.
• B) Excitation of ACh vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron allow for end-plate potentials to be fired and cause muscle tightness due to excess contraction.
• C) Inhibition of ACh vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron prevent an end-plate potential and cause complete muscle relaxation.
• D) Excitation of the nicotinic receptors making them extra sensitive to ACh and causing more contractions with less ACh present in the NMJ.

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Definitions:

Linear Perspective

A depth cue that parallel lines converge in the distance at a vanishing point on the horizon line.

Distance Cue

Visual information that helps perceive the distance or depth of objects in one's environment, crucial for spatial awareness.

Parallel Rows

Lines or sequences of objects placed side by side, keeping the same distance continuously between them.

Retinal Disparity

The slight difference in the visual images that the two eyes perceive, which is important for depth perception.