Which of the Following Statements Helps Describe How Jack Katz's

question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements helps describe how Jack Katz's book Seductions of Crime explained deviance in a new way?

• A) Conflict theorists have frequently argued that differences in economic resources give elites the ability to control the coercive apparatus of the state. Pronounced economic differences also provide elites with a need to maintain order.
• B) Three decades ago, criminologists widely decried the failure of rehabilitative efforts to reduce recidivism. This "nothing works" attitude permeated the field of criminal justice, and a period of punitive justice was ushered in.
• C) The social science literature contains only scattered evidence of what it means, feels, sounds, tastes, or looks like to commit a particular crime.
• D) Society should be considered as a cross between the cultural "goals" for which it believes its members should strive and the "means" that are believed, legally or morally, to be legitimate ways in which individuals should attain these goals.

Differentiating between types of reinforcements (positive, negative) and punishments (positive, negative).

Identifying effective strategies for modifying behavior using operant conditioning.

Recognizing the significance of discriminative stimuli in operant conditioning.

Describing the process and effects of shaping in learning new behaviors.

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Definitions:

Market

Any institution or mechanism that brings together buyers (demanders) and sellers (suppliers) of a particular good or service.

Majority Voting

A decision-making process where the choice that gathers more than half of the votes wins, commonly used in democratic elections and organizations.

Public Good

A product or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization.

Total Benefits

The complete range of advantages or improvements gained from a product or service, often assessed in economic terms.