The First Step in Hypothesis Testing Is Always

question 141

Multiple Choice

The first step in hypothesis testing is always:

• A) formulating two opposing hypotheses, called the null and alternative hypotheses
• B) selecting a test statistic
• C) calculating the p-value
• D) determining the rejection region
• E) determining the critical value

---

Definitions:

Behaviorism

A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, focusing on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states.

Catharsis

A process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.

Informed Consent

The process by which a fully informed person can participate in choices about their health care or participation in research.

Volunteer Bias

The phenomenon in research where volunteers may differ from the general population in significant ways, potentially leading to skewed results due to the self-selection of participants.