A Majority of Respondents in a National Survey Agreed That

question 324

Multiple Choice

A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These differing findings best illustrate the importance of

• A) hindsight bias.
• B) the placebo effect.
• C) random assignment.
• D) wording effects.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that has acquired the capacity to strengthen desirable behavior through its association with a primary reinforcer.

Discriminative Stimulus

A specific stimulus in the presence of which a particular response is more likely to be reinforced, and in the absence of which a response is not likely to be reinforced.

Primary Reinforcer

An innately satisfying stimulus, such as food or warmth, that does not require learning to become desirable and motivates behavior.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus or event that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.