Hoffman (1981) and Others Have Argued That Empathy Is an Innate

question 14

Multiple Choice

Hoffman (1981) and others have argued that empathy is an innate or biologically prepared trait in people. This view was supported by research showing that infants will spontaneously begin to cry when another baby is in distress. This is most consistent with the view that people are:

• A) altruistic.
• B) basically selfish.
• C) helpful when a reward for helping is available.
• D) antisocial.

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Definitions:

Agents of Socialization

Individuals, groups, or institutions that play significant roles in integrating people into society by teaching social norms, values, and practices.

Dramaturgists

Researchers who approach social interactions as theatrical performances, where individuals manage impressions and roles in front of others.

Formal Commandments

Established laws or rules, often of a religious nature, that are explicitly laid out and expected to be followed by the members of a community.

Hidden Curriculum

The unspoken or implicit values, behaviors, and norms that are learned through the educational system, beyond the formal curriculum.