The Bollinger Cases Established That Affirmative Action

question 3

Multiple Choice

The Bollinger cases established that Affirmative Action

• A) violates the 14th amendment's equal protection clause
• B) is constitutional when part of a holistic review of applicant credentials
• C) is unconstitutional when universities aim to create diversity
• D) allows quotas

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Definitions:

Forecast Error

The difference between the actual outcome and the predicted value in a forecast, indicating the accuracy of forecasting methods.

Squares

Geometrical shapes with four equal sides and four right angles, or multiplications of a number by itself.

Mean Squared Error

A measure of the average squared differences between estimated and actual values, used to evaluate the accuracy of statistical models.

Exponential Smoothing

A time series forecasting method for univariate data that applies weighing factors which decrease exponentially over time.