What Was Shown by Chandler and Colleagues (1989) with Regard

question 11

Multiple Choice

What was shown by Chandler and colleagues (1989) with regard to the percentage of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children using various deceptive strategies?

• A) These findings leave little room for doubt that even children as young as 2.5 are already capable of engaging in a variety of well-crafted deceptive practices, best interpreted as strategies aimed at instilling false beliefs in others.
• B) Children of all ages in the study do not use deception.
• C) These findings suggest that only 4-year-old children are capable of deception.
• D) These findings suggested that if the children's parents were using deceptive strategies themselves then the children would follow suit but only at 3 years of age.

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Definitions:

Support Life

Activities or systems that provide essential assistance or enable living organisms to maintain health, well-being, and functionality.

All-or-Nothing Thinker

A cognitive distortion where individuals see situations as either completely perfect or a complete failure, with no middle ground.

Pros and Cons

The advantages and disadvantages of a particular decision, action, or situation.

Synthesize Information

The process of combining pieces of information from different sources to form a cohesive, comprehensive understanding or new insight.