Which of the Following Is the Z-Score Equation for the Ith

question 38

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the z-score equation for the ith observation?

• A)Zt ₌ \(\sqrt { \frac { x _ { i } - \bar { x } } { s ^ { 2 } } }\)
• B)Zᵢ ₌ \(\frac { x _ { i - \bar { x } } } { S }\)
• C)Z₁= (xᵢ ₋ \(\bar{x}\) )S
• D)Zᵢ = \(\frac{x_{i}}{s\left(x_{i}-\bar{x}\right)}\)

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Definitions:

Expectations

Beliefs or forecasts about future events or behaviors that can influence one's psychological and behavioral responses.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without immediate reinforcement but is demonstrated when motivation is present.

Discrimination Learning

A process in learning theory where an organism learns to respond differently to similar stimuli based on their consequences or rewards.

Operant Learning

A method of learning that uses rewards and punishments to influence behavior, also known as operant conditioning.