The Ability to Form Endospores in Bacteria Within Bacillales, Clostridiales

question 41

Multiple Choice

The ability to form endospores in bacteria within Bacillales, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales suggests the genotype/phenotype evolved

• A) at least three separate times in these divergent orders.
• B) at least once, and horizontal gene transfer among relatives explains its presence in other orders.
• C) only once in an ancestor to these three orders, due to the high number of genes required.
• D) either at least once and horizontal gene transfer among relatives occurred or once in a common ancestor.

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Definitions:

α

Denotes the level of significance in hypothesis testing, representing the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis that assumes no statistical significance in a set of given observations, aiming to be either proven or disproven.

µ

The symbol that denotes the average value of a population in statistical analysis.

Within-Subjects Design

An experimental design in which the same subjects are exposed to all treatments, allowing direct comparison of different conditions on the same participants.