Twelve Research Studies Show a Strong Correlation Between Low Levels

question 6

Multiple Choice

Twelve research studies show a strong correlation between low levels of education and poverty. A social scientist declares that the "cure" for poverty is in free education for all of the children of the poor. What are valid arguments against this declaration?

• A)The scientist believes that a low level of education, in and of itself, causes poverty, but no study has demonstrated this.
• B)It is possible that low levels of education cause Item B, and Item B causes poverty.
• C)It is possible that multigenerational poverty causes lower levels of education.
• D)It is possible that low levels of education and poverty are both caused by social injustice.
• E)Twelve correlational research studies are not enough to demonstrate cause: at least 50 studies of 100 subjects each would be required for this.

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Definitions:

Total Income

The sum of all earnings obtained by an individual or entity, including wages, salaries, benefits, and income from investments, before any deductions.

Complementary

Goods or services that are used together, where the consumption or use of one increases the value or demand for the other.

Fixed Proportions

A production condition where inputs are used in constant ratios, without substitution between them, over a range of output levels.

Demand for Labor

The total amount of workers that employers want to hire at a given wage rate and time.