A Researcher Tests the Effect of a New Laparoscopic Treatment

question 3

Multiple Choice

A researcher tests the effect of a new laparoscopic treatment for chronic shoulder dislocation, comparing it with an older treatment. The results are statistically significant, and the researcher states in the study findings that there is evidence that the treatment has promise for widespread application. A subsequent replication study fails to show statistical significance. A third and fourth study produce the same effects as the second. Sample sizes are determined to be sufficient in all four studies. What is the most likely explanation here?

• A)A Type I error occurred in the first study.
• B)A Type II error occurred in the second, third, and fourth studies.
• C)External validity is excellent.
• D)Operationalization of variables was faulty.

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Definitions:

Social Interaction

The dynamic process by which people communicate, act, and react in relation to others.

Babbling Stage

A stage in child language development characterized by the production of repetitive syllable sounds, such as "ba-ba" or "da-da," which occurs before the development of actual words.

Speech Sounds

The acoustic phonetic units used in language to convey meaning.

Adult Grammar

The set of rules and structures for sentence formation and language use that is characteristic of mature speakers of a language.