You Are Graduating from Nursing School in Three Months and Have

question 101

Multiple Choice

You are graduating from nursing school in three months and have already lined up a new job. However, your employer informs you that before you start your job, it is mandatory for you to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, a double-stranded DNA virus that can cause the disease hepatitis. Your boyfriend, a biology major, wonders why you need to get the vaccine. You aced your microbiology class and you know a lot about both viruses and vaccines, so you understand why getting this vaccination is essential. You give your boyfriend a mini lesson on this by answering a few of his questions.
-To give more information on virus replication strategies, you explain to your friend the difference between a DNA virus and a RNA virus in terms of replication. You tell him that

• A) RNA virus replication always requires a virally encoded RNA polymerase that is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; this enzyme uses an RNA template to synthesize a new strand of RNA. DNA viruses use DNA-dependent DNA polymerase in replication.
• B) RNA virus replication always requires a virally encoded DNA polymerase, that is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; this enzyme uses a DNA template to synthesize a new strand of RNA. DNA viruses use DNA-dependent DNA polymerase in replication.
• C) RNA viruses always encode an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. DNA viruses use DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in replication.
• D) DNA viruses replicate their genome by means of an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. RNA viruses replicate their genome by means of a virally encoded replisome.
• E) DNA viruses must always first enzymatically degrade one DNA strand before they are able to replicate the remaining strand using the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA viruses are single-stranded, so can replicate their genome directly.

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Definitions:

Equifinality

A principle from systems theory suggesting that different actions in a given context can lead to the same outcome.

Dyslexia

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

Dyscalculia

Unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are more severe than typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development.