Use the Passage Below to Answer All Parts of the Question

question 47

Essay

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows.
"The smaller volume of the Indian Ocean slave trade reflects two factors. First, Europeans were less powerful there, not only the Dutch and the earlier Portuguese, but the British and French who came later. Second, Indian Ocean peoples had generally escaped the epidemiological disaster that befell indigenous peoples of the Americas and so . . . there was less need to bring large numbers of people from elsewhere to provide a labor force. In many ways, as [Markus] Vink argues, the Dutch recruitment of slave labor for servants, as manual laborers, and in manufacturing was an extension of slave systems that had long existed in Indian Ocean lands and thus was different from the new system of chattel labor largely focused on plantation production for export in the Americas. . . ."
David Northrup, historian, "Free and Unfree Labor Migration, 1600-1900," 2006
(A) Identify ONE specific historical example of an epidemiological disaster that befell indigenous peoples in the Americas as a result of European contact.
(B) Identify and explain ONE reason the Europeans were less powerful in the Indian Ocean than in the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
(C) Identify and explain ONE reason for the development of the plantation system in the Americas.

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Definitions:

Primary Sex Characteristics

The physical features that are directly involved in the reproductive processes, such as ovaries in females and testes in males.

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes in humans, that determine the genetic sex of an individual.

Gender Schemas

Cognitive structures that develop from socialization and guide the processing of information based on gender, influencing perceptions and behaviors regarding gender roles.

Biology

The scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution.