Which Element of Expectancy Theory Could Be Phrased as the Question

question 115

Multiple Choice

Which element of expectancy theory could be phrased as the question, "What's the probability that, if I work very hard, I'll be able to do a good job?"

• A) expectancy
• B) instrumentality
• C) effort
• D) valence

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Definitions:

Quality Is Free

A principle asserting that investing in higher quality processes, materials, and standards reduces costs in the long run by minimizing waste, errors, and defects.

Poor Quality

Refers to products or services that fail to meet acceptable standards or specifications, leading to customer dissatisfaction.

Six Sigma

A quality management methodology aimed at reducing defects and improving processes, utilizing statistical analysis to achieve near-perfect performance.