Why Is a Pretest-Posttest Design Considered a Within-Subjects Design

question 13

Multiple Choice

Why is a pretest-posttest design considered a within-subjects design?

• A) Participants are measured twice, once at the beginning of the study and once at the end of the study.
• B) Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
• C) Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
• D) Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

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Definitions:

Justice Reinvestment

A policy approach that reallocates resources from the prison system to community-based initiatives to prevent offending and reoffending.

Incarceration Rates

The number of individuals held in jail or prison per 100,000 of the national population.

Morality Policies

Public policies that are driven by societal values and ethical considerations, often addressing controversial issues like abortion or substance use.

Public Opinion

The collective attitudes or beliefs of the general public on a specific topic or set of topics.