Dr Clarks Emphasizes That Longitudinal Studies Are Considered Within-Subjects Design

question 22

Multiple Choice

Dr. Clarks emphasizes that longitudinal studies are considered within-subjects design because:

• A) participants are measured twice, once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study.
• B) participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
• C) participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
• D) fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

---

Definitions:

Psychosexual Development

Freud's theory of childhood stages of development, each characterized by an erogenous zone that is the source of a child's psychosexual energy.

Sexual Fantasies

Imaginative thoughts or daydreams about sexual activities or desires, which can serve various psychological purposes.

Unconscious

The part of the mind that contains thoughts, memories, and desires not within the realm of current awareness.

Latency Stage

A phase in Freud's psychosexual developmental theory where the sexual drive is dormant, typically occurring from about age six to puberty.