When Amir Ran for Class President, It Never Occurred to Him

question 139

Multiple Choice

When Amir ran for class president, it never occurred to him that he could lose. This tendency is known as:

• A) hindsight bias.
• B) the representativeness heuristic.
• C) the availability heuristic.
• D) the overconfidence phenomenon.

Recognize the importance of succession planning in executive transitions.

Evaluate the relevance of trait theories in nonprofit leadership.

Understand different leadership styles and their applicability in various situations.

Comprehend the alignment model's integration with followership characteristics.

---

Definitions:

Matching Variable

A characteristic used to ensure that members of different groups in a study are similar on that particular attribute.

Dependent Variable

The variable in an experiment that is observed and measured, expected to change as a result of alterations to the independent variable.

Matched Pairs Design

A research design in experimental psychology where participants are paired based on specific characteristics, with one member of each pair assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group.

Order Effects

Changes in participants' responses due to the order in which experimental conditions are presented rather than the experimental conditions themselves.