Focusing Thoughts on the Unpleasant Aspects of a Painful Experience

question 41

Multiple Choice

Focusing thoughts on the unpleasant aspects of a painful experience tends to

• A) make the pain worse.
• B) lessen the pain.
• C) lead to hypnotic states.
• D) have no effect on experienced pain.

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Definitions:

Macrophages

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, and cancer cells in a process known as phagocytosis.

Cytokines

Small proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells, especially in immune responses.

T Helper Cells

A subtype of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system by assisting other cells in immunological processes.

B Cells

A type of white blood cell part of the immune system, responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections.