Living Organisms Increase in Complexity as They Grow, Resulting in a Decrease

question 3

Multiple Choice

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

• A) Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an organism increases with each energy transformation.
• B) As a consequence of the processes required for growth, the decrease in entropy of the organism is associated with a corresponding increase in the entropy of the universe.
• C) As a consequence of the processes required for growth, the decrease in entropy of the organism is associated with a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.
• D) Living organisms are able to transform chemical energy into entropy.

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Definitions:

Labor Efficiency Variance

measures the difference between the actual hours worked to produce goods and the standard hours expected, multiplied by the standard labor rate.

Direct Labor-Hours

The hours worked by employees directly involved in the production process.

Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance

A metric that measures the difference between the actual hours taken to produce something and the expected (standard) hours, multiplied by the variable overhead rate per hour.

Standard Machine-Hours

The allocated number of operating hours expected for machinery to achieve a set level of production under standard conditions.