The Writings of Karl Marx Have Had a Great Impact

question 86

Multiple Choice

The writings of Karl Marx have had a great impact on _________ criminology, which faults the economic system for producing the conditions that lead to high crime rates.​

• A) ​classical
• B) ​positivist
• C) ​developmental
• D) ​critical

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Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as conditioned reinforcer.

Primary Reinforcer

A naturally reinforcing stimulus meeting a basic biological need, such as hunger or thirst.

Aversive Stimuli

Unpleasant or noxious stimuli which an organism seeks to avoid or escape.

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning strategy wherein a reward is not administered every time the desired behavior is performed, making a behavior more resistant to extinction.