At the End of a 52-Week Study to Determine How

question 30

Multiple Choice

At the end of a 52-week study to determine how to help smokers quit, subjects were randomly placed into a nicotine lozenge group or a placebo group.To determine if the randomization was effective, the proportion of males in each group was obtained.The researchers found that 42.9% of the 459 subjects given the nicotine lozenge were males, and 40.2% of the 458 subjects given the placebo were males.Determine the p-value and test decision for determining if the proportion of males in the two groups differed.Use α = 0.05.

• A) p-value = 0.601; fail to reject H₀
• B) p-value = 0.040; reject H₀
• C) p-value = 0.399; reject H₀
• D) p-value = 0.399; fail to reject H₀

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Definitions:

Frontal Lobe

The part of the brain located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere, responsible for motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior.

Parietal Lobe

A region of the brain located behind the frontal lobe, responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, pain, and spatial orientation.

Wernicke's Area

A region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language, located in the cortex of the dominant temporal lobe.

Broca's Area

An area located in the dominant hemisphere's frontal lobe, typically on the left side, of the brain, associated with the generation of speech.