What Is the Only Legitimate Way to Try to Establish

question 36

Essay

What is the only legitimate way to try to establish a causal connection statistically between two measurement variables?

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Definitions:

Atrial Repolarization

The part of the cardiac cycle in which the atria return to their resting state by the re-entry of potassium ions into the cells, often masked by ventricular depolarization on an ECG.

Systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts, pumping blood out of the ventricles and into the systemic circulation.

Diastole

A phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart muscle relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.

Ventricular Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood after contraction.