When Criminal Psychologists Distinguish Between System Variables and Estimator Variables

question 16

Multiple Choice

When criminal psychologists distinguish between system variables and estimator variables as two sources of inaccuracy in eyewitness reports and identifications, they are distinguishing between variables ____.

• A) that are under the control of the criminal justice system versus those that are not
• B) that are static versus those that are present only at the scene of the crime
• C) that are relatively objective versus those that are subjective
• D) that are based on memory versus those based on inference

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Definitions:

Achieved Status

A status that depends on the capabilities and efforts of the individual.

Ascribed Status

A social position assigned to an individual at birth or involuntarily later in life, based on factors beyond their control, such as race, ethnicity, and family background.

Power

Is the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his or her own will despite resistance.

Social Relationship

Social relationships encompass the interactions and connections between individuals, ranging from casual acquaintances to intimate bonds.