One Theory of Why Birds Form in Flocks Is That

question 13

Essay

One theory of why birds form in flocks is that flocks increase efficiency in scanningfor approaching predators. Because birds can barely move their eyes they must turntheir heads to look for predators, making them temporarily unable to peck for food. Ifthe birds form flocks, each bird could spend less time scanning; when a single birddetects a predator it alerts the other birds.

The Chanting Goshawk is a predator of the Red-billed Weaver bird. From fieldobservation it is estimated that an individual weaver bird has a probability of 0.20 ofdetecting a goshawk in time to fly to safety. Suppose that a goshawk suddenly comesupon a flock of 4 weaver birds pecking for food on the ground, and attacks.

a) What is the probability that none of the weaver birds will detect the goshawk'spresence before it is too late, thus allowing the goshawk to have a weaver birdlunch?

b) What is the probability that at least one of the weaver birds will detect thegoshawk's presence, thus alerting the others and all fly away, leaving thegoshawk hungry?

c) Suppose this is Wednesday, and all weaver birds form flocks of size 4 onWednesdays. Using your results from parts (a) and/or (b), find the probabilitythat a goshawk will go hungry until swooping down on the 5th flock of 4 weaverbirds seen that day.

---

Definitions:

Brain

The organ located in the skull responsible for central nervous system functions, including processing, interpreting, and storing information; as well as controlling many body activities.

Autonomic System

Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration.

Spinal Cord

The main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system.

Neurons

Special cells within the nervous system that communicate information via electrical and chemical signals.