A Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Reservoir Has an Area of 1

question 20

Essay

A pumped hydroelectric storage reservoir has an area of 1 km² and an
average depth of 30 m. The water flows to a lower reservoir with a head of 150 m.
(a) What is the total energy available in MWhe? Assume a generator efficiency of 85%.
(b) What is the average power available (in megawatts) if the upper drains through the turbines over a period of 12 hours?

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Definitions:

Active Transport

A cellular process that uses energy to move molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradient.

Facilitated Diffusion

A process of passive transport, aided by transport proteins, that allows molecules to cross the cellular membrane along the concentration gradient without energy expenditure.

Concentration Gradient

The gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions, leading to the movement of substances from high to low concentration.

Competitive Molecules

Molecules that compete with each other for binding sites on enzymes or receptors in biological systems.