The Total Volume of the Upper Reservoir of a Pumped $300,000 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 2 }$

question 18

Essay

The total volume of the upper reservoir of a pumped hydroelectric facility flows through the turbines over a period of 8 hours. The upper reservoir has an area of $300,000 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 2 }$ and an average depth of $15 \mathrm {~m}$ .
(a) What is the average flow rate (in cubic meters per second) between the upper and lower reservoirs?
(b) If the water between the two reservoirs flows through a (circular) penstock with a diameter of $7.5 \mathrm {~m}$ , what is the average velocity of the water?

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