Examlex
A random bias exists when the results of a sample show a persistent tendency to deviate in one direction from the true value of the population parameter.
Affirming
The act of validating, confirming, or asserting something as true or valid, especially within the context of logical arguments.
Modus Ponens
A form of argument in logic that if a conditional statement ("if P then Q") is accepted, and the antecedent (P) holds, then the consequent (Q) can be concluded.
Symbolic Form
expressing concepts or ideas through symbols or a symbolic language, often used in logic and mathematics to convey complex information efficiently.
Truth Table
A mathematical table used in logic to determine the truth value of a logical expression based on the truth values of its inputs.
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