Arsenate Is a Toxic Ion That Can Interfere with Both

question 7

Multiple Choice

Arsenate is a toxic ion that can interfere with both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Arsenate resembles Pᵢ (inorganic phosphate) and can replace it in many enzymatic reactions. One such reaction is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in step 6 of glycolysis. Upon completion of the reaction, instead of the normal product, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the mixed anhydride 1-arsenato-3-phosphoglycerate is formed; this undergoes rapid spontaneous hydrolysis into arsenate plus 3-phosphoglycerate, the latter being a normal product of step 7 in glycolysis. What would be the effect of arsenate poisoning in glycolysis?

• A) It results in more ATP and NADH molecules generated for every glucose molecule.
• B) It results in fewer ATP molecules generated per glucose molecule, but NADH generation is not directly affected.
• C) It brings glycolysis to an abrupt stop.
• D) It results in fewer ATP and NADH molecules generated per glucose molecule.
• E) It does not affect the number of ATP or NADH molecules generated per glucose molecule.

Understand the significance of content, concurrent, and construct validity in the evaluation of test effectiveness.

Recognize the role of correlation in assessing the relationship between test scores and other variables.

Know the steps involved in selecting, administering, and evaluating the effectiveness of tests.

Grasp the importance of item characteristic curves (S curves) in Item Response Theory for item analysis.

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Definitions:

Right-To-Left Associativity

The parsing direction for operators of equal precedence, indicating that operations are evaluated from the right to the left.

Short-Circuit Evaluation

A programming technique where the second argument of a logical operator is evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression.

&& And ||

Logical operators in programming; && denotes logical AND, and || denotes logical OR.

Unary Operator

An operator that takes a single operand and performs an operation, such as negation or increment.