The Specificity of Nucleic Acid Hybridization Is Remarkable

question 22

Multiple Choice

The specificity of nucleic acid hybridization is remarkable. Even a single mismatch between a probe and a target sequence can be detected depending on hybridization conditions. This sensitivity can be employed in applications such as SNP haplotyping. Consider a probe that is complementary to a 20-nucleotide-long genomic region including a single polymorphic nucleotide. The probe is perfectly complementary to the more common allele, but has one mismatch in the case of the minor allele. The temperature-dependent hybridization of the probe to the single-strand genomic fragment is schematically presented in the following graph. To detect hybridization, a fluorescent dye is added to the reaction. The dye fluoresces strongly only when intercalated between the bases of double-stranded DNA, and is therefore used to quantify double-strand formation or dissociation. Which "melting curve" (1 or 2) in the graph do you think corresponds to the more common SNP allele? Which curve shows a higher melting temperature?

• A) 1; 1
• B) 1; 2
• C) 2; 1
• D) 2; 2

Understand the concept of the Security Market Line and its implications for security pricing.

Differentiate between systematic and unsystematic risk, including their effects on portfolio diversification.

Explain the impact of market risk premium changes on the slope and position of the Security Market Line.

Understand the effects of portfolio adjustments on beta and portfolio expected return.

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Definitions:

Stanley Milgram

An American psychologist known for his research on obedience to authority figures, demonstrated in the Milgram experiment.

Structuralist

An approach in psychology that seeks to analyze the structure of the mind by breaking down mental processes into their simplest components.

Functionalist

Pertains to a school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the purpose and adaptive functions of human behavior.

Equal Status

A condition or situation in which all individuals or groups are given the same rights, opportunities, and respect without discrimination or bias.