In the Following Diagram Showing Five Parallel Signaling Pathways Downstream

question 18

Short Answer

In the following diagram showing five parallel signaling pathways downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), indicate which boxes (A to E) correspond to the following proteins. Your answer would be a five-letter string composed of letters A to E only, e.g. CDBAE.

( ) Cyclic AMP
( ) Protein kinase C
( ) Sos
( ) PI(3,4,5)P₃
( ) Ca²⁺

---

Definitions:

Price Discrimination

A pricing strategy where identical or substantially similar goods or services are sold at different prices by the same provider in different markets or to different customers.

Perfect Competition

A market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, a homogeneous product, freedom of entry and exit, and perfect information, leading to firms being price takers.

Consumer Surplus

The difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and what they actually pay, representing the benefit to consumers.

Natural Monopoly

A market condition where due to high fixed costs or unique resources, a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a lower cost than what two or more firms could.